10 Things You Didn’t Know About Nice’s History

Nice is more than palm trees and pastel buildings. Behind its postcard-perfect façade lies a rich and unexpected history. Whether you're visiting for a weekend or living in the city, understanding its past will deepen your appreciation of every street, square, and corner.

Here are 10 things you didn’t know about Nice’s history.

1. Nice Was Once Italian

Until 1860, Nice wasn’t French at all. It belonged to the Kingdom of Sardinia and was part of Italy’s influence. Even today, the Niçois dialect and cultural habits still reflect this mixed heritage.

2. The Name “Nice” Comes from the Greeks

Founded around 350 BC by Greek settlers from Marseille, the city was named “Nikaia” in honor of Nike, the goddess of victory. Nice was born from ancient trade routes and strategic ambitions.

3. The Promenade des Anglais Was Funded by the English

In the 19th century, wealthy English tourists wintering in Nice funded the construction of the Promenade to keep poor locals employed during the colder months. That’s why it still bears their name.

4. Nice’s Old Town Is a Labyrinth of Medieval Streets

The Old Town’s narrow alleyways weren’t designed for charm. They were built as a form of defense during medieval times, making it harder for invaders to navigate and attack.

5. It Was Once a Pirate Target

Being a port city, Nice was often attacked by pirates and even by Ottoman forces. Fortifications like the Castle Hill were essential for protecting the city and its inhabitants.

6. The Castle of Nice No Longer Exists

Castle Hill offers one of the best views in the city, but the actual castle that once stood there was destroyed by order of King Louis XIV in 1706. What remains is the stunning panorama and historical ruins.

7. There’s an Ancient Roman Site in the City

In the Cimiez neighborhood, you’ll find the ruins of a Roman city, including a thermal bath and amphitheater. Few visitors realize Nice was once an important Roman town.

8. Queen Victoria Was a Loyal Tourist

Queen Victoria visited Nice nine times and had a massive influence on its international popularity. Her presence attracted aristocrats from across Europe, turning Nice into a top winter destination.

9. Nice Was a Key Player in World War II

The city was occupied by both Italian and German forces. The Resistance movement in Nice played a critical role in fighting back and protecting its Jewish population.

10. There Are Hidden Symbols in Old Town Architecture

Many buildings feature mysterious symbols, crests, or Italian-inspired colors that hint at the city’s layered past. From sun dials to carved lions, each has a story to tell.

Nice Is More Than a Beach Destination

Each of these facts reveals a different side of Nice — one shaped by battles, migrations, and cultural blending. The city’s history is alive in its stones, streets, and traditions. Whether you're exploring on your own or joining a guided walking tour, knowing these stories transforms your visit into something much deeper.

Looking for authentic ways to explore Nice’s culture? At Beer&Dash, we offer walking experiences, tastings, and local tours that connect you to the city’s real heritage.